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Re:North Carolina Is Ordered to Redraw Its Congressional Map by samch on Wednesday January 10, 2018 @10:59AM (#16115874)
I think the current analytical mechanism to achieve balance is by measuring the “efficiency gap.”

https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?refe...

Re:North Carolina Is Ordered to Redraw Its Congressional Map by jrauser on Wednesday January 10, 2018 @11:14AM (#16116059)
According to http://pulse.ncpolicywatch.org/2017/08/22/analysis-large-eff..., NC's efficiency gap is around -11, while anything in excess of +/- 7 is considered a very large gap, so by the efficiency gap metric NC's map is definitely extreme.
Re:North Carolina Is Ordered to Redraw Its Congressional Map by jzylstra on Wednesday January 10, 2018 @11:03AM (#16115919)
The recent coverage of considerations of the efficiency gap by the Supreme Court would be available here. The illustrative graphs provide a bit quicker of an introduction to the measure.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2017/politics/courts...