Is there a precedent of someone buying a closed-source product, suing for being unable to update it, winning the case in court and being awarded damages?

Hopefully, this would be it. But rather than damages, the courts would rule that access to one's own device is protected by a fundamental right.

If this wasn’t hashed out in a much cheaper lawsuit with a smaller target (e.g., someone suing a remote-controlled toy car manufacturer for inability to update firmware on consumer end), chances of this being fought for precedent sake against Intel ($200+ billion market cap, $17 billion in the bank account alone), which hires lawyers by the dozen, are pretty slim.