A timing attack is one type of side channel attack. These types of timing attacks can also be used against poor/unsuitable crypto functions, or even some processes involving general computation e.g. If it takes longer to reject input A than input B, you can reason that input A is closer to the answer (similar to someone reading a paragraph until they reach the first error).

Other side-channel attacks can come in the form of analysing network data, power-consumption (CPUs use more power when they are "busier")... even noise (listen for when the fans start spinning up).