This only works if the materials are homogenous (can be used for lots of different things), don't require too much packaging and shipping overhead themselves, and there isn't a wastage issue from the manufacturing process. And the manufacturer is willing to let the IP out of their factory and into the wild where it can be pirated.
It's a bit like Blue Apron etc; you pay a small premium for the theatre of doing the assembly step yourself.
As a thought experiment if there was a magical 3d printer that could take any number of raw materials as inputs and combine them in any way would it become more efficient to ship a mix of raw materials to each end consumer? Say I consume x amount of rubber, y amount of cotton, z amount of plastic, etc in my consumer goods in a day, week, month whatever. Could it be more efficient to get the rubber and cotton to my door and run them through the printer than it would to build the shoes, basketballs and t-shirts somewhere else and ship them?