The rank actually doesn't say too much. Japan's power is waning, while European country, I know is controversial and hated by conservatives, has EU. EU has a much bigger representation in world economy in terms of the effects of policy and regularization.
I'd say it's good to have the EU and the US set some regulation minimums (EU is stronger in some areas, the US is stronger in other areas) but China and India will likely begin influencing policies --perhaps for the better. For example, China regulating (banning) the importation of certain rubbish.
W/re GDPP[1], they have always had an issue with productivity vis a vis the US. However, your figures exaggerate the extent, according to this: https://www.bls.gov/ilc/intl_gdp_capita_gdp_hour.htm#table02
[[1], to your point below]GDP per employed person at PPP which to me is more reflective of an economy.
My source is from World Bank:
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?location...
One can't expect them to hold off countries with 10x their pop.
Should be interesting to see how China and India use their economic might to influence global culture (i.e soft power).