In the UK the railway companies try to run profits on railway operation while the taxpayer subsidizes them and the surrounding land is owned by property developers who are making profits that are staggering.
The Conservative government is also doing stuff like donating 38 million pounds to govia thameslink in profit compensation for a strike they triggered.
It's taxpayers and passengers subsidizing property developers' and TOC profits, and the government/TOCs seems to be trying to get the TOC wage bills down so that TOCs and property developers can make even more.
Not really, in some countries the railway and train operators is the same company, strongly controlled by the government and operating without big problems.
It's my understanding that the problems in the UK started when they stopped using that model.
I believe all European countries are required to have separate track and train operators for railways with some structure for competition in rail. It's just that most of them manage it better than the UK.
The UK telecoms industry was privatised and has ended up with BT Openreach operating most of the wires, leased out with local loop unbundling (LLU) to a variety of broadband providers. It works OK although not brilliantly.