You definitely can, but without cooperation of the rest of the network, they will still be able to spend the money. If you could identify where the person re-spent the stolen coins, and found cooperative courts, you could try to go after them that way, but it's an uphill battle.

In Ethereum's DAO hack, tokens were also stolen, but they got lucky and the money wasn't spendable for a while (because of how the transaction/contract was written), so they were actually able to convince the entire network[1] to agree to reverse that theft as part of the protocol and recover the tokens that way.

[1] Minus a fragment that became EthereumClassic.