Don't know about your exact map use-case you had at hand, but generally speaking the Mutexes suffice for Lock()ing/Unlock()ing a resource that is accessed concurrently, whereas the WaitGroups serve usually best to just fire off a couple of parallel jobs (that don't access any shared-between-them resources) and then simply Wait() for them all to finish. No real protection from concurrent accesses in there, other than for the WaitGroup's own hidden internal counter that's used to Wait()
Of course these are the low-level sync primitives, channels are the higher-level abstraction, but the former can take you far --- sometimes the latter are the sanest/only choice of course. Especially for parallel goroutines needing to work with each other's intermediate results.
What Java does have (since 8) is default method implementations in interfaces.
Interfaces cannot require instance variables to be defined -- only methods.
(Variables can be defined in interfaces, but they do not behave as might be expected: they are treated as final static.)(Another useful link explaining that statements resembling instance variables in interfaces are in fact constants: https://coderanch.com/t/178630/certification/Instance-variab...)
As for the second point, sorry for the wrong wording, I meant "methods". But interfaces don't work like that everywhere they exist. For example in Java you explicitly use Class X implements Y, and if you do not implement all methods and properties, the compiler complains.