1.) In the US, all energy is subsidized by the federal government, including nuclear. Oil is the most highly subsidized, nuclear is one of the lowest, but solar, wind, and geothermal are even lower. The number quoted for 'renewable energy' subsidies is about equal with the nuclear subsidies, but per page 23 in [0] this includes:

Alcohol Fuel Credit Tax Policy of 1984

Renewable Transportation Fuels and Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit Tax Policy of 2006

Ethanol subsidies which do not benefit solar and wind.

[0]: http://www.misi-net.com/publications/NEI-1011.pdf

2.) Burning petroleum in your car is less efficient than burning petroleum in a commercial power plant and using the power plant's output to perform mechanical work. To find the efficiency of a power plant, you divide the operating heat rate in BTUs by the BTUs in 1 kWh (3412) - so, the average petroleum plant at 10687 is 31.9% efficient (the remainder is waste heat). One gallon of gasoline = 116,090 BTUs [2], so a perfectly efficient gasoline ICE would get 34 kWh per gallon, but the EPA uses a metric of 33.7 kWh per gallon, so I will too [3]. Per the same source, the Nissan Leaf gets 99 MPGe - or, it takes it .34 kWh to travel one mile.

[1]: https://www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_08_01.html

[2]: https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.cfm/index.cfm?page...

[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_per_gallon_gasoline_equi...