No, they are not unrelated. Isolation yes, and through that, you get repeatability. We can all agree that declaratively describing your environment (Salt, Chef) is preferable to the rather simplistic Dockerfiles currently in use, but both aim to accomplish the same time. I remember the pre-container days of re-running Salt/Puppet scripts over and over again in a VM until it works. Nothing wrong with that - they're great tools. I also remember the pre-Salt/Puppet days of using shell scripts. None of the above are great: conf. management + docker is a better solution long-term for building a container image.