One can make an appeal to aesthetics, but that’s no differentiator.

Or one could appeal to adherence to existing standards. Fortran is the oldest (portable) programming language and was 1-based.

Or one could appeal to consistency with the problem domain. Again, math [EDIT: indices are] 1-based.

Zero-based is consistent with C, but that’s about the best argument I can make for zero-based.

I think Dijkstra established the case for using Zero based indexing strong enough: https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/transcriptions/EWD08xx/E...

Maths is zero-based. I'm not sure why you think that numbers start with one; every formulation of the integers in modern maths starts with zero.

Matrices, common in statistics because of applications of linear algebra, have long maintained the convention of i,j indexes starting with one.

It's not. Zero based is wise for offsets (CS) and fields where you have a zero element, and a few corner cases like factorial, but by and large any time you're enumerating an order over a nonempty set you start with one in math, because, max(indices) = |set|

0 based was only for programming for iterations. This makes it a weird math for people. When the first column is 0 and 1 is the second column it is indeed weird and is why statistical languages are 1 based.