If they have access to your .bashrc they can also alter your PATH and create a script named sudo somewhere they have write access to that carries the malicious payload. So you're not gaining much by adding the quotes.

Based on the sibling comment to yours, I don't think bash supports this. zsh allows you to make a \'sudo\' alias though, so it depends on your shell.

At least in bash, quoting the command disables any alias. Maybe also in zsh?

zsh seems to have much more flexible alias rules than bash:

    > alias \'sudo\'='ls -a'
    > 'sudo'                
    .  ..