I dont think medicine or law are good examples for that. Medicine has you sleep deprived for years as a matter of policy because you are expected to work so much and law tend to be quite similar. At least in USA. I mean, yeah, you are expected to learn on the job, but the job is 100 hours a week.

Contrary to that, all older developers I know learn on the job and developed strategies how to make it possible to learn on the job.