The internet equivalent to what they are doing would be getting a business line with a fixed, provider-owned IP prefix. The equivalent to what the parent describes would be getting a prefix delegation from a registry and peering with other networks.
It's still really cool for island systems though, which is the more important thing for those events.
I mean, they ran their own full MVNO, with their own SIM cards, with their own code on the cards, and operated their own tower.
That isn’t a simple number.
Having the entire (mostly/entirely? open-source) GSM network is really really cool and important, but from the perspective of the wider phone network still "only" a "fancy internal phone system", with the limitations of control that come with that.
Actually you can quite easily, and quite a few people have done so. Including hacker clubs for events (the CCC operating a local custom GSM network with their own SIMs, and working numbers a few years back for their congress comes to mind), small ISPs with only a few hundred or thousand customers, and more.
It’s definitely possible, easy, and cheap.