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Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by colanderman on Friday September 08, 2017 @12:41PM (#15201731)
Meaning of G4: http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/noaa-scales-explanation

"Power systems: Possible widespread voltage control problems and some protective systems will mistakenly trip out key assets from the grid.

Spacecraft operations: May experience surface charging and tracking problems, corrections may be needed for orientation problems.

Other systems: Induced pipeline currents affect preventive measures, HF radio propagation sporadic, satellite navigation degraded for hours, low-frequency radio navigation disrupted, and aurora has been seen as low as Alabama and northern California (typically 45° geomagnetic lat.)."

Apparently there are 100 of these per 11-year solar cycle.

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by meseznik on Friday September 08, 2017 @02:49PM (#15202942)
Apparently there are 100 of these per 11-year solar cycle.

Seems that there are much more than 100 flares each cycle: https://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/hessidata/dbase/hessi_flare_l...

It also seems that flares above X2.2 are quite rare. There have been only 10 of those since 2008: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cycle_24#Events

The latest flare, measured at X9.3 is VERY rare: https://www.spaceweatherlive.com/en/solar-activity/top-50-so...

I wouldn't downplay this

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by RandVal30142 on Saturday September 09, 2017 @06:03AM (#15206341)
That last link is extremely interesting. Just spent some minutes watching the videos of previous record setting flares.

The flares oriented towards Earth are very obvious due to the amount of static after flare ejection. We all exist in a narrow band of of environmental conditions, spooky thinking about how much energy is occasionally hurled towards us. Just a slight lick from Sol and we could be done for.

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by colanderman on Friday September 08, 2017 @03:23PM (#15203226)
G4 geomagnetic storms, not flares.
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by nomel on Friday September 08, 2017 @05:04PM (#15203956)
> Spacecraft operations: May experience surface charging and tracking problems, corrections may be needed for orientation problems.

What causes the tracking and orientation problems? Are they being pushed, or do satellites control their orbit?

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by brandmeyer on Friday September 08, 2017 @06:42PM (#15204485)
It takes huge amounts of deliberately applied energy to change their orbit. This is about the influence of the radiation on the sensors and systems which help to control the orientation of the satellites. In particular, magnetorquers use the magnetic field of the earth to (very slowly) dump excess angular momentum from the reaction wheels and control moment gyros.

Solar storms can also add a weak torque onto the satellite, depending on the orientation and shape of its body and solar panels. Again, the satellite has an attitude control system to handle such things, but it will still suffer the impulse response from the transient.

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by cjhanks on Friday September 08, 2017 @06:09PM (#15204313)
I would suspect they are using magnetometers for determining orientation. Those might be affected.
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by brandmeyer on Friday September 08, 2017 @06:45PM (#15204498)
For the most part, orientation is measured optically or thermally - with sun sensors, earth sensors, and star trackers.
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by koyao on Friday September 08, 2017 @09:08PM (#15205045)
"Yup, that's why I was late to work this morning." :)
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by dbcurtis on Friday September 08, 2017 @02:14PM (#15202629)
what "these" do we have 100 of? X class flares, or X class flares facing the Earth? Because just by chance we are usually out of harm's way.
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by lgats on Friday September 08, 2017 @02:37PM (#15202849)
Having subscribed to NOAA's alerts a couple years ago, I would say we might get an event like this once a year or two
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by jsjohnst on Friday September 08, 2017 @03:14PM (#15203157)
Per the link above, this is the 8th most powerful CME hitting earth in recorded history. An X9.3 is not a yearly thing.
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by Rebelgecko on Friday September 08, 2017 @04:11PM (#15203539)
How far back does "recorded history" go for these sorts of detailed space weather measurements? The linked #8 ranking seems to be based on 20 years of data
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by PoachedSausage on Saturday September 09, 2017 @08:40AM (#15206802)
As far back as the Carrington Event at least.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859

Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by SolarNet on Friday September 08, 2017 @05:10PM (#15203991)
I think they go back to the early telegraph based off of observations of static on the wire and other related problems (a telegraph was basically a giant inductor).
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by Rebelgecko on Friday September 08, 2017 @06:05PM (#15204290)
Are those classifications listed somewhere? I suspect that they'd be much less accurate than the measurements from modern equipment (e.g. satellites)
Re:Continued G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storming Observed by colanderman on Friday September 08, 2017 @03:22PM (#15203222)
G4 geomagnetic storms. (I'm just parroting the chart I linked.)