A mathematical market doesn't need to have your political sentiment attached to it. The reality is that there are markets for pretty much everything and we can better analyze many systems by evaluating them as such (including governments), especially as it pertains to supply, demand, and incentives. Don't shut your mind out to different ideas (or try to validate your own incorrect oversimplified world view) just because you heard a teenage libertarian make an incorrect oversimplification of free markets.
But since you brought it up, it seems like you don't understand that a strong legal framework is necessary for a free market -- only the misinformed argue otherwise. In your article's example of global warming, for instance, externalities need to be captured and property rights need to be applied broadly and equally, which they are not in our current system. Most Republicans don't realize this. And most Democrats ignore all the realities and benefits of a free market economic system because the Republicans (and some libertarians) misrepresent it.
This is the myth of the Free Market Fairy - https://bitworking.org/news/2008/01/The-Free-Market-Fairy
And the ways that "everything is a market" distorts and destroys are covered in this long read: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/aug/18/neoliberalism-t...