For the it++ case:

    std::_Vector_const_iterator<std::_Vector_val<std::_Simple_types<std::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > > > >::operator++, COMDAT PROC
            mov      rax, QWORD PTR [rcx]
            mov      QWORD PTR [rdx], rax
            add      rax, 32              ; 00000020H
            mov      QWORD PTR [rcx], rax
            mov      rax, rdx
            ret      0

For the ++it case:

    std::_Vector_const_iterator<std::_Vector_val<std::_Simple_types<std::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,std::allocator<char> > > > >::operator++, COMDAT PROC
            add      QWORD PTR [rcx], 32      ; 00000020H
            mov      rax, rcx
            ret

Interestingly the code you quoted is not called at all. I guess eventually linking phase removes it as dead code.

That considered, both pre- and post-increment generate identical code, even with VS2017.

This matches my previous experience about pretty much any compiler in last 15 years or so -- there's no difference between ++i and i++, unless, of course, it's in a statement and changes the actual meaning of code.

"it++" case. Note that iterator function is not called.

  foo PROC
        mov      rdx, QWORD PTR [rcx]
        xor      eax, eax
        mov      rcx, QWORD PTR [rcx+8]
        cmp      rdx, rcx
        je       SHORT $LN70@foo
        mov      r8, rcx
        sub      r8, rdx
        sar      r8, 5
        npad     8
  $LL4@foo:
        add      rax, r8
        add      rdx, 32              ; 00000020H
        cmp      rdx, rcx
        jne      SHORT $LL4@foo
  $LN70@foo:
        ret      0
  foo ENDP

Here's the code generated for "++it" case. Iterator function is not called here either.

  foo PROC
        mov      rdx, QWORD PTR [rcx]
        xor      eax, eax
        mov      rcx, QWORD PTR [rcx+8]
        cmp      rdx, rcx
        je       SHORT $LN68@foo
        mov      r8, rcx
        sub      r8, rdx
        sar      r8, 5
        npad     8
  $LL4@foo:
        add      rax, r8
        add      rdx, 32              ; 00000020H
        cmp      rdx, rcx
        jne      SHORT $LL4@foo
  $LN68@foo:
        ret      0
  foo ENDP

Good catch! Thanks for the correction.

Exactly.