There are also a lot of information get by various type of spectrometers in satellites. For example, you can read: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunar_Prospector#Scientific_ex...

> The Lunar Prospector GRS produced the first global measurements of gamma-ray spectra from the lunar surface, from which are derived the first "direct" measurements of the chemical composition for the entire lunar surface. This data effectively maps the distribution of various important elements across the Moon. For example, the Lunar Prospector GRS has identified several regions with high iron concentrations.