Studies have shown that women pay a penalty for negotiating salary, while men don't.

and why would men at Google ask for raises while women at Google would not?

Obviously, both groups have competitive skills in the industry. I'm sure you will bring up the studies that men are more likely to negotiate. However, that applies for a more general population who work at middle tier roles at middle tier companies. People who work at Google have more bargaining power than the general population.

> However, that applies for a more general population who work at middle tier roles at middle tier companies.

These are all separate orthogonal axis, average traits of men and women still apply even if your non-average on intelligence or some other dimension.