So wondering why it would work on your end. Do you have an old .net runtime on your machine perchance?
If you think you can trust me (you can!) - try this one:
In that case I'll stick with Microsoft Calculator Plus from 2005. Now if you need a binary of that... then I can post a link for you. :)
Actually here you go: http://www.vimalin.com/download/CalcPlus.zip
The installer in the zip is signed by Microsoft.
Found your version :p Just bumped into my calc archives and did a binary compare with a Windows XP archive I had of it and it matched. So turns out it is from Windows XP and yes that one works.
Turns out that if you create a shortcut via the send To "Desktop (Create shortcut)" that you can then set it up a keyboard shortcut via properties. As long as your shortcut is on the desktop or in the menu then the keyboard shortcut works. Yay.