It's a pretty terribly written article and that info graphic is also not very helpful. This article is like two people discussing "inside baseball."

The essence of the article is the evolution of Google's SDN(software defined networking) architecture. They have added SDN to their edge whereas previously SDN existed mostly in their Core it sounds like. The Edge SDN architecture being "Espresso" and the Core SDN architecture being "Jupiter."

There is also some fishing about what exactly is Google's network hardware that runs all this.

The following article is far more brief but far more informative in my opinion:

https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/google-brings-sdn-p...

This is a white paper about Jupiter mentioned in the article and infographic:

https://static.googleusercontent.com/media/research.google.c...

And there's some good resources here for just learning about SDN here:

https://www.opennetworking.org/sdn-resources/sdn-definition