I believe it's called the double charmed Xi baryon, but I'm not sure if it has a pet name.

There's a whole bestiary of particles like this one that don't really stick out as particularly interesting, I imagine it's simpler to stick to the boring descriptive names.

Ξ++ cc or double charmed Xi.

That's neat. I see the Xi. Does the ++ mean double, and the cc mean charmed? Having trouble parsing that, even with the sub and superscripts from the article. I guess more concretely, would a triple charmed (if that means anything) be +++ cc or ++ ccc?

There are constraints on how quarks combine, according to the standard model, which mean (among other things) that you won't get three of the same quark combining to form a particle. The cc subscript indicates the presences of two charm quarks, and the ++ indicates the particle has an electric charge Q=+2. The subscript values show the presence of heavy quarks: charm (c), bottom (b) or top (t) quarks are heavy. The superscript is electric charge (Q), a value between -1 and +2 (-, 0, +, or ++).

++ means a charge of +2, cc means two charm quarks (doubly-charmed)

A triply-charmed baryon would be the Ωccc++