If you really want to compare phones to cars, the iPhone is a BMW, it's still affordable to the middle class but that's about it. But the market is quite different than cars, by proportion and features the others you mentioned aren't luxury, they are exotic.
Along with the inappropriate image-conscious choice of materials, there is also the glowing Apple logo. It's a beacon to club members.
Apple just doesn't cater to the cost conscious consumer. Ikea does. They have $19 tables. There's absolutely no comparison in the Apple world, they don't even want to try to address that kind of market.
I don't know about the US, but here in Sweden you can get a brand new iPhone SE for $30-35/month on a contract. That, while not completely trivial money to many people, is very far from BMW territory.
I would also like the point out the market reality, that while Apple dominates in some areas, primarily cheap Androids are the main element for these reasons, along with factors such as more expensive and proprietary accessories. This is because people make choices relevant to their situation.
On the subject of materials, Apple makes quality devices which look nice but that doesn't make them high-end luxury devices any more than IKEA is selling luxury furniture because they have good designers make their products. For what the actual luxury market looks like, check out:
https://www.vertu.com/us/en/home/
https://gresso.com/smartphone-collection/
https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7498785/88-tauri-tonino-la...
The contrast is obvious: most of that is showing expense for expense's sake, whereas Apple's designs are primarily focused on being functional rather than showing off your wealth.