As a rule of thumb 2000 € can be used for four persons for initial furniture etc. After two months the 60k earner is ahead. Clothing is already included in the rates you posted (there is some additional clothing support if you get another, lower rate).

Police earnings are a bit complicated but basically everyone with kids gets more than welfare after initial training. Some young police officers from Berlin (rightfully) recently complained that they are below that but this is the exception.