Edit: Welp. Looking at the U2F NFC spec it looks like some exchange with the key needs to occur, so without transmit access we're boned.
Unfortunately as far as I know only Yubikey NEO and Fidesmo card support it with Fidesmo being practically not usable. From https://www.fidesmo.com/nfc-u2f-android/ :
> Google’s own account security website, that on desktop allows you to register U2F devices, says that the feature is not compatible with the Chrome browser on Android. The account security site on GitHub seems to support the feature is a bit better. When pressing the button to add a token to the account it properly launches Google Authenticator to register the U2F device. When tapping the card and returning to the GitHub site however it doesn’t seem to have registered that anything has happened.
Regarding your 4096 bit requirements, normally when you have those security requirements you would keep that key offline and use shorter lived 2048 bit keys for actual authentication.
There is 4096 bit support with Yubikey 4 which unfortunately isn't offered with NFC.
Okay, but open-keychain does not provide GUI to just sign or authenticate a user (you can sign as part of encryption process) so I was wondering if the parent was mentioning some application that interfaces with open Keychain (like k9mail or conversations.im) that gives just that: user authentication.
Yes, but OTG adapters work pretty well here or one can use Yubikey 4C if the phone has USB-C input.