No. The Karger attack on compilers that Thompson talked about was mitigated far as methods to use before Thompson even published it. You just use a verified interpreter, compiler, and/or CPU for the bootstrap. Hardware is couriered with tamper-evident seals. Software built from source or at least use crypto to verify source. It's also least likely attack you'll run into: 0-days in your stuff or compilers optimising away security is more common.

A medium-assurance solution is 3+ compilers with same input and output on diverse hardware by diverse teams unlikely to collude all producing ssme result. If hardware, you can do that with chips plus voting scheme.