Dockerd relies on kernel features like cgroups and namespaces so I doubt the docker daemon can run inside WSL. There is a docker daemon for windows that I believes uses hyperv as container runtime. You could probably run docker cli inside wsl if you could expose the socket on the host to it (guessing)

Docker on windows seems to be a little bit complex.

There's Docker for windows which allows for linux docker containers to be run on windows, using Hyper-V.

Then there's Windows Container Services which allows for Windows Docker containers. Those can either be run on the host kernel or they can be isolated in a Hyper-V layer.

Somewhat, Docker for Windows (in Linux mode) creates a MobyLinux VM in Hyper-V. MobyLinux then does all the container magic.