Shrinkwrap does have known issues (mainly w.r.t. platform-specific modules and verbosity), though I've never had any problems with it, but if you want a better lockfile I suggest the Yarn client.
(Believe Python's pip behaves similarly to npm in that issue).
I prefer Yarn's lockfile handling, but saying npm is 'broken by design' is wrong.
And yes, Yarn is the sane option for package management for Node. Why isn't it the default one yet?
If you're taking about deployments, that's definitely unusual. Outside of deployments, what's a scenario where deterministic builds are important, but it would be considered normal to manually install them anyways?
Great, then you should be able to mention at least one solid normal usecase as an example. I don't think there is one.
https://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10999