Of all the educational axis, this is the one that I find most problematic and most promising. There is a movement afoot to teach computational thinking across all majors. This movement gets painted with "programming" rather than "how to problem solve" which is really the point.

https://scholar.harvard.edu/kbrennan/publications/new-framew...

Here are some other books about thinking and problem solving that I've enjoyed over the years.

How to Solve it

http://press.princeton.edu/titles/669.html

Problem Solving, Decision Making, and Professional Judgement: A Guide for Lawyers and Policymakers

http://www.biblio.com/9780195366327

While the second may seem directed towards attorneys, I assure you, this book is outstanding for anyone who has to help with complex decision making.