More or less this, except with a simpler way of allocating fractional scores: simply divide the value rolled on that die by the largest such value on any of the dice in the set (or, equivalently, round to either 0 or largest-such-value and skip the division step).
The best way I can think of to allocate a fractional score to each die player is to sum all the dice rolled, and give each player their roll divided by the sum. So if players rolled 2 and 5, one player would get 2/7 and the other 5/7 - instead of rounding the scores to 0 and 1.
Note that to calculate the EV for a die under this scheme, you have to calculate it versus a particular opposing die, so it would produce a different EV for the transitive A/B/C dice in different combinations.
Perhaps that's what the OP was trying to suggest?