>I also feel like it would be much easier for me (a non-traditional student) to get into a better university over there, as they pretty much just look at your test scores.

Some don't even do that, but I think most (not sure) have some kind of language requirement for both German and English: https://www.daad.de/deutschland/studienangebote/internationa...

This is for Computer Engineering, which is a blend between Computer Science and Engineering at the university of Duisburg-Essen.

B1 shouldn't be that hard, but as a native speaker I can't really comment on the difficulty.

>Do they provide many undergrad programs in English?

At least the program I linked to has 50% of its courses in English and exams are always available in English. I have no idea about other programs.