Something like obfsproxy[0] or a straight up http proxy wrapped in SSL and a VPN service that acquires and rotates new IP addresses regularly would prevent this. It would be an expensive game of wack a mole for the ISPs at least, personally I'd just set up a digital ocean droplet for my traffic. Less technical users can employ Streisand[1].

[0]https://community.openvpn.net/openvpn/wiki/TrafficObfuscatio... [1]https://github.com/jlund/streisand

For that reason, the algorithm wouldn't be "throttle specific services", it'd be "throttle everything except for the specific services that we own or that have paid us the toll."

So essentially throttle 99% of the internet? Comcast already doesn't throttle it's cable or phone service and doesn't include it in your bandwidth. Why would anyone buy a larger bandwidth package than the throttle rate? So they can pay their bill faster?

Not necessarily. They could whack-a-mole the services to such a degree that they become non-viable commercially.