Most of them are in front of grocers and markets. They make food, sometimes pay for the access to the stream of people, and generally make it a better market - or they're friends with the owners of the market. That's my impression at least - I'll ask some local friends.

Never seen any food stalls outside a restaurant unless it's a very very busy street.

Granted I've never done a complete analysis of where all food carts are located but a few places that spring to mind.

Suk Soi 8 - In front of 7-11 but also across from a restaurant Suk Soi 5 - In front of several restaurants Suk Soi 7 - In front of several restaurants Suk Soi 11 - In front of several restaurants

I could name tons of more obscure places that I remember eating at but the above are pretty well known to most tourists and expats.

They are not friends of the local business owners. They pay the police for the space. That's why every time they have one of these street vendor crackdowns mandated by the big boys at the top of the food chain the shops usually pop back up in a week or two once the heat is off. Police can't stand not getting paid their rightful bribes.

Does anyone really think that all of those store owners right on lower Sukhumvit (between Soi 5 and Asoke) want people selling dildos in front of their shops? Viagra pills, bootleg DVDs, etc?

Literally, I have photos of cops sitting there having lunch with these street merchants (Soi 15'ish area) with dildos and fake viagra sitting on the same table they're eating off of. Guess who that street vendor is friends with? Who's the store owner going to complain to? Nobody if they value their health.

Alas those photos will never see the light of day for much the same reason.

Most of the stores you are referring in Bangkok are mainly big chains or shops run by people with lots of businesses.

The people who really struggle are the people who run the stalls :/

Most tax a government extorts from you isn't being used to build a better road either.

Anyway, I probably shouldn't generalise all asian food stall markets. Thailand is quite a poor and corrupt country AFAIK. I have no idea how someone gets a space for their cart in Bangkok. I'll give you the benefit of the doubt that you know more about how it works there than I do.

Full disclosure: I have no idea how it works in Bangkok. I'm extrapolating from what I learned in Seoul.

However, I'd be surprised if getting a profitable spot for one's cart doesn't involve a lot of "connections" and occasional show of force. After all, there are many more people who are willing to use these spots. If government isn't protecting the "owners" via property rights, someone else is doing the job. (It could be the merchants themselves. Whether that's desirable is left for the readers to decide.)

Fwiw, I found that Thai culture seems to have a very palpable avoidance of aggression and violence. (Buddhist thing?)

I'm not naive enough to assume this trumps economic struggle, but I will say I was surprised that a lot of things you see elsewhere in tourist areas aren't prevalent in Thailand. E.g. bag snatching, mugging, etc.

Though not as far as Japan's "Excuse me sir, you left your wallet at the restaurant 30 minutes ago. Apologies that it took me this long to catch up with you on the subway and return it."

The avoidance of aggression and violence has to do with "saving face". People who act aggresive in public "lose face" and thereby the respect of the public. The concept is more or less explained here: https://www.pattayaunlimited.com/thailand-land-of-face/

When visiting Thailand, even if some Thai person mistreats you (e.g. perhaps a tuktuk driver overcharges you), always try to act friendly (don't act angry in public). Try to resolve problems while keeping a smile. If you can't resolve problems this way, just go with the flow. This is a good way to avoid problems.