Another, hackier, approach at the commandline is to use:

    strings file.pdf  | grep -i fontname

This will give a line like:

    <</StemV 120/FontName/ZXOBUP+MinionPro-BoldIt/FontStretch/Normal/FontFile3 426 0 R/FontWeight 700/Flags 98/Descent -360/FontBBox[-230 -360 1684 1032]/Ascent 1032/FontFamily(Minion Pro)/CapHeight 651/XHeight 454/Type/FontDescriptor/ItalicAngle -12/CharSet(/space/T/i/n/o/t/v)>>

Comapred to pdffont's

    ZXOBUP+MinionPro-BoldIt              Type 1C           WinAnsi          yes yes yes    364  0

Or you can use perl:

    strings file.pdf  | perl -ne 'print "$1\n" if (/FontName\/(.+?)\//)'

and get a list of font names alone, like:

    ZXOBUP+MinionPro-BoldIt