> but somehow this paper doesn't propose anything else other than segwit

Literally there's another solution that has nothing to do with Segwit. gmax himself proposed it to block off covert ASICBoost. Here's a link:

https://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/bitcoin-dev/2017...

Also, miners do not establish consensus. That is why if a miner mines an invalid block, even if other miners extend it, no nodes will accept it.