"Hangul faced opposition by the literary elite, such as Choe Manri and other Korean Confucian scholars in the 1440s, who believed hanja to be the only legitimate writing system, and perhaps saw Hangul as a threat to their status.[9] However, it entered popular culture as Sejong had intended, being used especially by women and writers of popular fiction.[15] It was effective enough at disseminating information among the uneducated that Yeonsangun, the paranoid tenth king, forbade the study or use of Hangul and banned Hangul documents in 1504,[16] and King Jungjong abolished the Ministry of Eonmun (언문청 諺文廳, governmental institution related to Hangul research) in 1506."
A national standard, at best (in the PRC). In Taiwan, Zhuyin (Bopomofo) is universal, taught in schools and found on laptop keyboards, and romanisations are mostly following Wade-Giles rules. In Hongkong, Eitel romanisation is used even though their new commie overlords are forcing pinyin and yale canto down their kids' throats.
Using Taiwan as an example isn't really relevant given that it's majority Cantonese speaking, and Cantonese is a completely different spoken language than Mandarin.
Edit: I'm a clown. I was confusing traditional Chinese with Cantonese. Not the same thing.
It gets really complicated with japanese - there's a many-to-many-to-many <symbolic>-<phonetic>-<semantic> relationship... One character can have many different readings and due to the homophony, any given reading can have divergent meanings. For example - HASHI can mean bridge, "side of something", or chopsticks - and the character for "bridge" can also be read "kyo" depending on the context.
I imagine chinese is much easier for a japanese native speaker to learn than vice versa for those reasons (since often some of the phonetic forms "on-yomi" of the characters are directly borrowed - with some inflective changes).