"the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior"

That's what I would define as weak AI. So yes, even algorithms which do not adapt their behaviors by learning, but can imitate intelligent human behavior to some extent would be weak AI, such as AI in video games.

Now strong AI would be: "the capability of a machine to originate intelligent human behavior"

This means the intelligent behavior would originate from the machine itself. Some Machine Learning algorithms exhibit strong AI, in that they find ways to even outperform a human, by themselves, through the learning process. Sometimes, we can't even understand why it chose to do what it did, but it appeared to be even more intelligent than what most human would have chosen to do themselves.

Now Artificial General Intelligence, or sometimes called strong AI also, but I think there needs to be a distinction as I explain before. This would be: "the capability of a machine to originate any intelligent human behavior"

The reason a lot of people are talking about true AI, AGI, strong AI, etc. today, is because Machine Learning is seen as the be all, end all of AI. Yet practitioners and scientists know that it is not, at least in its current form. Currently, it can solve simple decision tasks, probably the kind of decisions a person makes in under a second or two, like driving. But it does not solve them generally, so a person must train different models for each tasks.

At the same time, having a way to automate decision making of a single simple task is huge in terms of potential. There's so many things we can automate through this, and if we combine them, you can create even more complex autonomous machines. That's why people are excited. Though I understand that it is not as awesome as having found general AI, or AI which can make complex decisions. The dream of AI continues, but the practicality of it are closer then ever.

> So yes, even algorithms which do not adapt their behaviors by learning, but can imitate intelligent human behavior to some extent would be weak AI

Replacing various human thought capabilities has been the goal of computers and algorithms since Turing and von Neumann.

> in that they find ways to even outperform a human, by themselves, through the learning process

Computers have been outperforming humans in many tasks since the moment of their creation. Some animals learn some things better than humans. Are they more intelligent?

> Machine Learning is seen as the be all, end all of AI.

I think it is seen as that mostly by non-experts, and generally by those who just want to believe we're close.

> At the same time, having a way to automate decision making of a single simple task is huge in terms of potential. There's so many things we can automate through this, and if we combine them, you can create even more complex autonomous machines.

Sure, I just don't see what any of this has to do with intelligence. Bacteria are autonomous, and so is the weather. The universe, too, for that matter. None of those is particularly intelligent.

Yeah, exactly. We call it AI because we need a name for this kind of adaptive algorithm, even if it isn't anything close to strong AI

There are JIT compilers, and even sorting algorithms that are adaptive. Are they AI too? What's wrong with the name "statistical learning" (as that's the flavor du jour of so called AI anyway)?

I think the word "adaptive" is meant to mean "general" learning that can be applied to more behavior.

AlphaGo was trained for blackgammon, could it be given chess and learn it just as well? The answer is no.

If I had to personally define AI, I would give a machine input to limbs of robot, and output of cameras and microphones (eyes and ears). And I would see if given sufficient years, can it learn language and conversation and ability to use robotic body for sports.