However, that could be bypassed if the USB key acted like a USB hub with a keyboard attached.
If you do get a keyboard working, it looks like you can just log in with raspberry / raspberry and then full privileged access since sudo from the raspberry user, and /dev/kmem from root is enabled. That would allow arbitrary content to be copied on to the user supplied USB, and depending on the device, possibly firmware reprogramming.
However, that could be bypassed if the USB key acted like a USB hub with a keyboard attached.
If you do get a keyboard working, it looks like you can just log in with raspberry / raspberry and then full privileged access since sudo from the raspberry user, and /dev/kmem from root is enabled. That would allow arbitrary content to be copied on to the user supplied USB, and depending on the device, possibly firmware reprogramming.