There are also the Elbrus processors which I believe are entirely designed in Russia, although some models are manufactured by TSMC (and some are manufactured in Russia).

The early models implemented a proprietary VLIW architecture with enterprise-y features (like hardware-tagged pointers, probably borrowed-ish from Itanium) with a dynamic binary translation layer for x86 compatibility on top, not sure if they still do that or perhaps the other way around now.