- deficiencies in the reporting methodology https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3554513/
- a bit of incorrect retraction https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3899113/
- a fun one on systematic reviews https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785311/
- regarding missing data https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4748550/
- a paywalled abstract about power https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26677241
- on sample size calculations https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523375
- aaand a fun one on selection bias https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4566301/
All found within 10 minutes...
We could go on like that for hours with this sizing contest. I do not expect to convince you. You will, if you put the time and effort into it, find other studies saying the opposite (although being less sexy for publishers, they will be harder to find). If you are somewhat knowledgeable in the field of statistics, please take a look a the numbers, as I am quite sure you will find them appalling (19% of study population missing outcome data and 27.9% underpowered studies, anyone?)
http://www.jclinepi.com/article/S0895-4356(16)00147-5/abstra...
What the OP is referring to isn't unique to MDs, it's endemic to much biomedical research today. I blame it on lack of tenure protections and science-as-university-income, which in many cases ultimately stems from indirect costs charged to federal grants, or the current grant system.
For me, the concerns mentioned in this thread about scientific research and MD training in particular, bring up bigger issues pertaining to the culture of hierarchy in medicine and its implications for quality of care and competition in service provision and training models.