I'm not sure if probability modifiers are applied appropriately when modeling combat in games. If you are an advanced fighter, you get a +30% chance of winning, right, so you get one biased roll to see who wins. But when I play a better player in tennis say, they win the match almost every time. Of course I win games, but over the match they will take the lead every time. I think fighting in real life is like this, not a single roll but a set of rolls that magnifies the advantage.

tl;dr I think Civ players are right to expect to win when they have a better unit.

Civ 1 had two statistics: attack and defense, which were rolled in a simple way. This lead to lucky Roman legions defeating tanks occasionally. Civ 2 added two more statistics (health and "firepower") which more clearly divided units into eras.

For example, Musketeers will almost always lose to Riflemen even though their stats are very similar apart from the Riflemen unit having 100% more health.

There are some things I disliked about the game, for examples city walls turns any city into an almost impregnable fortress until the very end of the game, but the unit health system was satisfactory.

Actually, in Civ 2, Riflemen and Musketeers both have 2 hit points and 1 firepower.

A good replacement example would be Archers (3 attack, 2 defense, 1/1 hit points/firepower) vs Musketeers (3/3 attack/defense, 2/1 hit points/firepower).

Regarding city walls: If the units inside are musketeers or weaker, cannons may do well (depending on the units' respective veterancy). If they're riflemen or higher, I think veteran artillery will still generally win. And then, of course, there are bombers and howitzers in the later game.

Oops! I always thought riflemen had more hit point stats. Your example is much better. Sorry.

About city walls:

The computer loads cities up with a massive amount of units on deity (usually enough to defend against a one-turn attack, I find it difficult to park enough cannons or artillery next to their cities). The only reliable way I have found to take out cities is to spam their cities with diplomats and sabotage until I get their city walls, it is always the very last thing he will sabotage.

It's hard to get a technological advantage for a long time because computer players will always help each other with technologies so in that sense they can get 6x as much science output as the player, although usually less because the computer is not very clever about boosting their trade.

I think the balance would have been better if catapults, cannons, and artillery straight up ignored city walls like the howitzer does.

The pollution from nuclear missiles contributing to global warming make the endgame frustrating too because the computer loves to use nukes, and you are punished for their pollution squares as well as your own. Sigh, time for a new game. lol

> The pollution from nuclear missiles contributing to global warming make the endgame frustrating too because the computer loves to use nukes, and you are punished for their pollution squares as well as your own. Sigh, time for a new game. lol

For a more realistic and complex treatment of nuclear warfare, I strongly recommend DEFCON.

https://www.introversion.co.uk/defcon/ || http://store.steampowered.com/app/1520/

Give me ten good men and some climbing spikes. I'll impregnate the bitch.

> Sid Meier (Civilization) gave a great GDC keynote in 2010 where he describes his multi-decade struggle to convey to users ideas like "Stuff that only has a 10% chance of happening still happens sometimes."

Slightly OT, but I found the argument most convincing that the "improbable=impossible" way of thinking sometimes produces logically inconsistent or plain impossible results.

The classic wheel of fortune is an example: You're playing wheel of fortune with three other persons. The wheel is evenly split into four quarters, with each of the quarters having the name of one person written on it. (So one of the four quarters is "your" quarter) The wheel is spun and the person whose quarter ends up on top gets the reward.

How gif is your chance to win? 1 / 4. How big is your chance not to win? 3 / 4. So it's unlikely that you will be the winner. However, the wheel is fair, the probability of winning is the same for each player. So it's unlikely for anyone to be the winner. At the same time, it's physically impossible for the wheel not to produce a winner.

If you think of unlikely events as "practically never occuring", this is a logical contradiction. Only if you accept that unlikely events do happen, the contradiction can be resolved.

In the code of XCOM2, modders have discovered that the game cheat in your favor by increasing your chance to hit if you've missed in your lasts shots. And lower the chance of the enemy hitting you if they've already hit you this turn.

So you can (and will) miss 90% shots, it should not happen twice in a row the same turn.

Edit : Found the source : https://twitter.com/m1sp/status/697268847187890176

One in a million? Those usually happen 9 out of 10 times.

http://wiki.lspace.org/mediawiki/Million-to-one_chance

iTunes and other media players have had that exact dilemma...

http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/new...