I don't understand how your system would work with any sort of reasonable performance. How do upstream routers know which network to forward your packet to? The reason BGP works is because address spaces are delegated to "autonomous systems". The authority over the address space delegated to an autonomous system doesn't change very often, therefore only systems close to a packet's destination need to be updated with respect to routing changes on a regular basis. Systems farther away have a basic and infrequently-changing idea of how to interact with that ASN, i.e. your ISP doesn't really care what Google's network is doing, it knows how to get your packet closer to Google, and that's all. As the packet gets closer to the destination, those systems know more about Google and less about your ISP. Thus, we have an actual distributed system' the information each network needs to store and maintain is limited, but there is still much flexibility allowing the network to self-repair damage.

Certainly, networks can work without any delegation in this form; tor's hidden services show that this can work in practice. Pretty slow though. Reasonable performance (and accuracy) depends on not having every node on every network know the correct route to every other node, or having nodes have to reach a consensus (slow) on where to forward your packet at each hop. What's your plan for that?