This argument sounds like a second cousin of the "chemicals are bad, but if it is natural it is good" argument. Just because it evolved in nature doesn't mean it's optimal, or it's the best system under massively different constraints. And who knows what evolution would have thrown up after a few more billion years.
The distance at which a stereo vision system can capture precise depths depends on the distance between eyes, and the eyes' angular resolution. Human depth perception works well for things within about 10m, but when you get out to 20-40m humans get a lot less info from stereo vision.
When you get to that distance, humans seem to have a whole load of different tricks - shadows, rate of size change, recognising things of known size, perspective and so on. You can see a car and know how far it is even without stereo vision, because you know how big cars are, and how big lanes and road markings are. You can even see two red lights in the distance at night and work out whether they're the two corners of a car, or two motorbikes side-by-side and closer to you.
On the other hand, your basic general-purpose stereo machine vision system doesn't try to understand what it's looking at - you just identify 'landmarks' that can be matched in both images (high contrast features, corners etc) and measure the difference in angle from the two cameras. This is relatively simple and easy to understand!
For tasks that humans can do that involve depth perception of things more than ~40m away - flying a plane, for example, where most things are more than 40m away if you're doing it right! - nice simple stereo vision can't get the job done, because humans are actually using their other tricks.
Of course, despite this limitation stereo vision comes up a lot in nature - it's still a beneficial adaption, because most things in nature that will kill you do so from less than 10m away :)
It's actually pretty rare for non-predatory animals to have good stereo vision. Most of them are optimized for a wide field of view instead, evolving eyes placed on either side of their head. Think rabbits, parrots, bison, trout, iguanas, etc.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binocular_vision
https://www.quora.com/Why-have-most-animals-evolved-to-see-o...
Edit: IMO binocular vision is probably more to do with redundancy than depth perception. If you damage or lose an eye, you can still operate at near full capacity. Losing vision 'in the wild' is a death sentence.