Let's say I'm reporting on a study that sets out to see if there is wage discrimination against earthling immigrants in favor of native martians. The study shows that earthlings earn more than martians on average, but once you control for occupation and education and all that, earthlings actually make less for doing the same thing.

It's true to report that earthlings tend to earn more than martians. I could use that fact from the study to form the basis of a totally factual story that goes completely against the study itself. My readers will come away thinking discrimination happens in earthlings' favor instead of against them. Totally true facts can support a totally false conclusion, depending on presentation.