There's no science required here. Walmart is a minimum wage body shop. Plain and simple. So at best, their presence in a community only displaces other minimum wage jobs, or creates more minimum wage jobs.

http://www.cnbc.com/2016/06/03/walmart-can-afford-15-minimum...

The paper cited is a typical right-wing conservative position that corporate ladders with management positions provide workers with more opportunities for advancement, and thus possibly higher wages.