Browsers do have mechanisms for filtering out known phishing (or malware) sites (e.g. Google's Safe Browsing (used by Chrome, Firefox and (IIRC) Safari), Microsoft's SmartScreen). Guessing based on the domain (without having any actual phishing reports or something like that) would probably lead to tons of false positives, which would both annoy users and desensitize them, so most people would click through the warning.

EV certificates can be a solution for some cases - knowing that "Apple, Inc. [US]" is actually operating the site you're looking at is worth something - but it isn't particularly meaningful in other cases - knowing that "CheapOAir, Ltd. [US]" actually operates "CheapOAir.com" doesn't mean much, they could still scam you.