What you're talking about is the marginal tax rate, i.e. the limit as income -> infinity, but it's typically much much lower than this (even for the wealthy). Most people pay in the 10-20% range for federal income taxes. Millionares pay in this range too for several reasons, capital gains and write-offs.
The blue line on this plot shows the effective federal income tax: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax_in_the_United_State....
Yes, this whole comment thread has been discussing marginal rates. I thought that was clear from mentioning tax brackets in both my comment and refurb's grandparent comment, which mine is in comparison to.
I've edited the comment to be really clear that this is not an average rate.
Edit: Whoops, and I left out FICA taxes and it's too late to edit the above comment again. That adds another 7.65% (W-2), up to $118,500; 1.45% above that, and a little more at the top rate.
As an analogy, it would be like comparing Buffalo's weather to San Diego's based on the average high temperature in the summer (which may lead you to believe Buffalo is hotter than San Diego).
Top federal rate in Canada kicks in at $200K (33%).
Top federal rate in the US kicks in at $415K (39.6%).
You've posted the bracket for US single filers.
For another point of reference, the top state bracket in California kicks in at $526k (12.3%).
So at the very high end, someone in NYC might pay 52.3% income tax (edit: marginal rate) and 8% in sales tax.
And at the high end in California (San Francisco), someone might pay 51.9% income tax (edit: marginal rate) and 8.75% in sales tax.
(This is a little simplistic; I think you can deduct state income tax from federal tax, lowering the overall high marginal rate somewhat.)