I think it's "Python will teach you more about programming, C will teach you more about computers".
I'm not intimate with Go, but I figure its clean and simple design makes it a good first language; and in particular a good preparation for C, because of its focus on memory layout.
Rust? NO! One of the worst choices for a first language. Similar to C++, Rust is really heavy on concepts.
Maybe not even Python, suggest go or rust. My generation we started learning CS with Pascal and moved to C, when we had a bit more understanding.