No, as of SQL Server either 6.5 or 7, I can't remember which, it was a ground up re-write. You can do cool stuff if you're Windows-native rather than a port from Unix, e.g. http://stackoverflow.com/a/5284537/447514

I started with SQL Server 7, which was soon after the fork from Sybase.

The current versions still have the same syntax and core features. Performance, replication, features, and tools are all vastly improved. But it still feels like the same product.