The "hoverboards" have a much bigger battery, with far more stored energy, and are also designed such that they can release that energy more quickly since the application requires it. A typical phone has around 10-15Wh capacity, hoverboards are in the 150-100Wh range, and laptop batteries are usually <100Wh; these are also cells which are designed more for long low-current discharges.

Once a battery starts releasing energy "more quickly than intended" it's only going to get quicker until it runs out of energy.